1 2676-4393 Iranian Scientific Nursing Association in collaboration with School of Nursing and Midwifery 32 Special Relationship between health literacy and general health among patients with leukemia before bone marrow transplant Jalali M b khodabakhshi koolaee A c b Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. c Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 1 7 05 11 2016 05 11 2016 Introduction: Health literacy is one of the crucial factors that has a considerable influence on health. However, the previous studies indicated that leukemia decrease the level of health. Therefore, the aim of current study is to investigate the relationship between health literacy and general health among patients with leukemia before bone marrow transplant. Method: This research is a descriptive and correlational research. The sample of current research included 100 patients with leukemia hospitalized into Shariati Hospital in Tehran that were selected through convenience simple in 2015. They responded to two research instruments such as; Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) and Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by utilizing the Pearson correlation and regression step by step. Results: The findings of Pierson test indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between health literacy and general health (sig= 0.01). In addition, based the results of regression, health literacy could be predicted the general health in patients with leukemia (sig=0.001). Conclusion: The results emphasize on the relationship between health literacy and general health among patients with leukemia. Thus, it is suggested that this result can be considered in prevention programs (primary and secondary) in order to increase the patient health
33 Special Determinant factors of Death Depression in Iranian patients with cancer Goudarzian AH d Sharif Nia H e Sheikh Raberi A f Tahmasbi M g Farokhmanesh K h Soleimani MA i Pour Ramzani N j d Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran e Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran f Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran g Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran h Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran i Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran j Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 8 14 05 11 2016 05 11 2016 Introduction: Living with a serious stressor such as cancer is known to activate cognitive patterns relative to personal death and dying. This study was conducted to determine of death depression and its related factors in Iranian patients with cancer. Method: In this cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2015 (June-November); 500 cancer patients with random sampling method were included to study. Data were gathered with demographic and Death Depression Scale (DDS). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses with using SPSS 22.0 were used to explore the potential factors influencing death depression of cancer patients. Results: Based on results, males age (48.59±16.15; 95CI: 46.62-50.57) were more than females (46.38±14.24; 95 CI: 68.42-71.66). The average of death depression score among patient with cancer was higher than the third quartile. A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that scores of incoming status (β coefficient = 0.24, p<0.001), no history of drug use (β coefficient = 0.13, p=0.002), and stage of cancer (β coefficient = 0.12, p=0.005) were independent predictors of death depression in cancer patients. Conclusion: Regards to high prevalence of depression in selected patients, importance of concentration on psychology interventions, especially in acute phase of disease and chemotherapy periods were highlighted. 34 Special A Comparison of Distraction Techniques (Bubble and Cartoon) On Reducing Chemotherapy induced pain in children with Cancer Mikaeili N k Fathi A l Kanani S m Samadifard HR n k University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran l Ardabil University Of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran m Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, Ardabil, Iran n University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 15 23 05 11 2016 05 11 2016 Introduction:: The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of the two techniques of distraction through watching a cartoon and bubble manufacturing /producing on chemotherapy pain reduction in children suffering from cancer. Method: The method of the study was pretest and post test experimentation with the control group. The study population included all children with cancer hospitalized in Buali hospital in Ardabil. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in three groups (16 in distraction group watching a cartoon, 16 in bubble manufacturing and 16 in the control group).To collect the data, the Oucher pain tools and  fur the more, to create distraction a bubble manufacturing tool and a cartoon CD were used. To analyze the research hypotheses, ANOVA was applied. Results: Toki test results show that the average score of pain " making bubbles from the group watching cartoons," and mean scores of "both experimental groups in witness group" was significantly higher (p<0/05).These results mean that watching cartoons and making bubbles help to reduce the pain that felt by children during chemotherapy. Also results show that the method of making bubbles rather than watching cartoons method has helped to reduce pain in children during chemotherapy (p<0/01). Conclusion: Generally the results showed that the distraction includes none pharmacologic interventions are effective in pain relief. In addition this method has the little or even no complications than medicinal methods, and also has low cost. This method has no physical and psychological devastating effects for children, has easy application, requires less training and does not need a lot of time to execute for kids and more importantly is that this method is attractive to children and by using this children will have less perceived of pain. Finally the findings of this study suggest that the possibility of using distraction methods as effective non- Pharmaceutical treatments in different parts of the hospital will help to reduce pain. 36 Special Death Anxiety in Patients With Cancer in Kermanshah Salehi F o Mohsenzade F p Arefi M Salehi Zahabi S Amirifard N o Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran p Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 24 29 21 12 2016 21 12 2016 Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. one of the important psychological factors in these patients is a death anxiety. So this study aimed to investigate death anxiety rate in patients with cancer in Kermanshah. Method: In this cross-sectional study that was performed on 101 patients with cancer that referred to the oncology department of Imam Reza Hospital, we used Demographic and Templer Death Anxiety Scale and finally data analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The results showed that 64.35% and 88.11% of  patients were female and married respectively . The average scores of death anxiety of patients were 9.71±3.58. 81.18% of the patients had high death anxiety. Finally, the results showed that in this study there was significant relationship between anxiety of death with some demographic information. Conclusion: The findings indicate high score anxiety of death in the majority of  patients  with cancer. Due to the high death anxiety in these patients and its psychological effects, psychological interventions and counseling to relieve death anxiety by psychologist is necessary on Oncology departments. 35 Special Awareness about warning signs for cancers in women referred to health centers affiliated with bushehr university of medical sciences Sharifikia I Rohani C Estebsari F Salmani F Matbouei M Hossein-nejad A Afrasiabi S Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 30 39 21 12 2016 21 12 2016 Introduction: The number of new cancer cases in the world and in developing countries such as Iran is still growing. Success in early detection of cancer largely depends on people’s awareness of the early warning signs of cancers. This study aimed to determine the level of women's awareness about the warning signs of cancers and its association with demographic and clinical characteristics. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 160 women referred to the four health centers affiliated with the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The data were obtained using two researchers-made questionnaires, including demographic-clinical characteristics questionnaire and questionnaire of awareness for cancer signs. Results: The mean age of women in this study was 29.9 ± 7.1 years. According to the results, over 50% of women were not aware of five signs out of 10 warning signs of cancer. More than half of the women (56.2%) had a low level of awareness and poor knowledge of cancer warning signs. The results of linear regression analysis showed that only the women's level of education was significantly associated with their awareness of the warning signs of cancer (p =0.007, β =0.28). In total, 11% of the variations in women's awareness of the warning signs of cancer were predicted by this variable. Conclusion: considering the low level of knowledge of women about the warning signs of cancers, there is an important need for community/ public health nurses in the community. In addition, the findings reinforce need for implementing intervention programs from school phase to adulthood supported by health policy makers. 42 Special Factors associated with self-efficacy self-care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy Masmooi B Khatiban M Varshoie M.R Soltanian A.R Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Abadeh School of Nursing, abadeh, Iran Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 1 4 2022 1 1 40 47 17 01 2017 17 01 2017 Introduction: Self-care is the connection between knowledge and action, and relates to beliefs about the capabilities of performing specific behaviors. After chemotherapy, cancer patients are faced with many problems which can negatively effect on their self-efficacy. The present study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the self-efficacy self-care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Shaheed Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, 2013. By convenience sampling, 100 eligible patients were selected. Data were collected by demographic Form and Self-Efficacy self-care Scale (Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH)). Data were analyzed by the t-test, ANOVA and regression test via the software 16-SPSS at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The most of patients were male (56%) and unemployed (54%). The mean score of the patients’ self-efficacy self-care was 96.56 (±25.12). The significantly higher scores of the self-efficacy self-care were found in the patients who were male (p<.05), with a university education (p<.001), employed (p<.001), with a one to ten months history of cancer. The self-efficacy was significantly lower in people with 7-12 times of chemotherapy than other people (p<.05). There was no significant association between the patients’ marital status, age and income level with their self-efficacy self-care (p>.05). Conclusions: The level of self-efficacy is lower in patients who were female, low literate education, unemployed, diagnosed with cancer more than 10 months, performed 7-12 periods of chemotherapy and low income than other groups. So they need more attention. Education and employment are the two determinants of self-efficacy in these patients.   43 Special Futilecare: a conceptanalysis with WalkerandAvant’s approach Bahramnezhad F Asgari P Sanaie N Fathi A Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 4 2022 1 1 48 54 17 01 2017 17 01 2017 Introduction: Judging about continuing or lack of continuing the process of caretaking for some patients the end of their lives has led to the emergence of a new concept as 'futile care' in medicine. Making decision about what kind of caring is entitled as futile care requires the presentation of a clear definition of such caretaking. Hence, with regard to so many ambiguities in this realm, the researcher decided to invest on analysing the concept of futile care. Method: The analysis in this research was carried out through Walker and Avant method. The review over the available literature was carried out by searching the databases of SCOPUS, PUBMED, PROQUEST SCIENCE, ISC, IRANDOC,and MAGIRAN by using the phrases of Infectively Care، Futile Care, Infectively Care، Futility in during 1992-2012. Results: In reviewing the studies, 119 English and 1 Persian title were obtained in initial search which were reduced to 30 papers after going over the headings. Based on the literature review include the lack of good care, medical care consistent with the goals of the back not help patient care that don’t  improves the quality of life of patients under the care been futile. Conclusion: It seems that this study has been somehow able to aide us in clarifying the concept of futile care in our culture. Futile care consists giving clinical cares irrelevant to a nurse's job and giving cares through which the return of patient would be impossible both physiologically and qualitatively. 40 Special Depression in cancer patients: the role of demographic variables Naseri N Taleghani F Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 1 4 2022 1 1 55 61 14 01 2017 18 03 2019 Introduction: Cancer is an important event in one's life which has considerable outcomes for patients and their families as well. The major psychological consequence in cancer patients is depression that often takes less attention. This study aimed to assess the relationship of demographic variables and depression in cancer patients.  Method:This is a descriptive correlational study that conducted during May 2014 to May 2015 in Sayyed Al-Shohada hospital in Isfahan, Iran. 200 cancer patients were selected through convenient sampling method and data were collected using questionnaires (demographic questionnaire and Beck Depression Scale). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (descriptive analysis and Chi-Square). Results:The findings showed that the cancer patients had the mild depression (38.5%) and medium depression (27.5%) and only a few patients had experienced severe depression (14%). And also, Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between educational level and number of children with depression in cancer patients.  Conclusion:The Knowledge of the risk factors associated with depression  among the cancer patients  can help to researchers and health care providers to identify vulnerable patients for depression disorder. It is suggested that in all cancer-related treatment centers, the mental health unit should be established to assist with up-to-date teachings to reduce the suffering of patients.